電容和電感的作用：

電容的作用(yong)：

1、旁路 ；2、去耦；3、濾波(bo)；4、儲能

電感的作用(yong)：

1、阻(zu)流作用；2、調(diao)諧和選頻作用；3、篩選信號，過濾(lv)噪音(yin)，穩定電(dian)流，抑(yi)制電(dian)磁干擾。

電容的定義(yi)

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)，也(ye)稱為(wei)“電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量”，是(shi)指在(zai)給定電(dian)(dian)勢差下存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)量，表示為(wei)C，并(bing)以國際單位(wei)的(de)(de)法拉達斯（F）表示。一般來說，電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)受力運動。當導(dao)體(ti)(ti)之間(jian)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)介質時，它(ta)會阻礙電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)移(yi)動，并(bing)導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)在(zai)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)上積(ji)累，從而(er)導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)積(ji)累和存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲。儲存(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)量稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)。

電(dian)容的(de)作(zuo)用：

1、旁(pang)路

旁路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器是(shi)一(yi)種向本地(di)設備提(ti)供能(neng)量的(de)能(neng)量存儲設備，可(ke)以(yi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調(diao)節器的(de)輸出均勻化(hua)(hua)并降(jiang)(jiang)低負載需求。就像小(xiao)型可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一(yi)樣，旁路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)設備中充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。為了使阻抗最(zui)小(xiao)化(hua)(hua)，旁路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器應盡可(ke)能(neng)靠(kao)近負載設備的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)和接地(di)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)。這可(ke)以(yi)有效(xiao)地(di)防止由(you)過大的(de)輸入值引(yin)(yin)起的(de)接地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)升(sheng)和噪聲。接地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢是(shi)當接地(di)連接通過大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流尖峰時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。

2、去耦

去耦，也稱(cheng)為解耦。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的角度來(lai)看，總是可以區(qu)分驅動器的源和(he)被(bei)驅動的負載(zai)。如果負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容相對較(jiao)大，則驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)需要(yao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以完成信號跳躍。當(dang)上升沿陡峭時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相對較(jiao)高，驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會吸收大量的功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻（尤其是芯片引腳上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感）會反彈，與(yu)正(zheng)常情況相比，這實際(ji)上是一(yi)種噪音，它會影響前一(yi)級的正(zheng)常工作，這被(bei)稱(cheng)為“耦合”。

 電(dian)容和(he)電(dian)感(gan)的工作原(yuan)理：

  通(tong)常(chang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)是搭配使用(yong)的。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)具有升(sheng)壓和儲能(neng)等(deng)功能(neng)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)對于(yu)專業(ye)儲能(neng)至關重(zhong)要(yao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的結構(gou)是兩個(ge)導體之間(jian)的一層(ceng)絕(jue)緣材料。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)不能(neng)通(tong)過，兩側的導體在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的作用(yong)下(xia)積(ji)累相(xiang)反的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。在這(zhe)個(ge)過程中，外界認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)已經通(tong)過了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。如(ru)果是直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后就沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)了。這(zhe)是隔(ge)離直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的效(xiao)(xiao)果。如(ru)果施加交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)應，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)將隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的方(fang)向(xiang)不斷變化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)會(hui)隨(sui)之變化，充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就像電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)一樣。這(zhe)就是耦合。

  由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量導(dao)致(zhi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)阻抗(kang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，因此選(xuan)擇(ze)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號會導(dao)致(zhi)濾波(bo)和旁路(lu)。調諧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)并聯的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)跳躍。這(zhe)就造成(cheng)(cheng)了這(zhe)樣一(yi)種(zhong)情(qing)況，即當(dang)沒有外(wai)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)仍(reng)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)勢能(neng)釋放后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)已經充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)向(xiang)(xiang)相反的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)振蕩(dang)(dang)。如果(guo)外(wai)部(bu)信(xin)號頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)與該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)振蕩(dang)(dang)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)相同(tong)，則會引起(qi)諧振。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)學也稱為諧振，可以用于(yu)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)選(xuan)擇(ze)、調諧和濾波(bo)。在這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發生的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)）勢能(neng)轉變為（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場能(neng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場能(neng)量（在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）轉變為勢能(neng)（在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。延遲(chi)(chi)用于(yu)通(tong)過串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)來限制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，需要時間才能(neng)達到(dao)延遲(chi)(chi)。